Kajian Kompetensi dan Kebutuhan Pelatihan Penyuluh Pertanian dalam Bidang Kewirausahaan di Kabupaten Banjar

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengungkapkan sebaran karakteristik penyuluh pertanian di Kabupaten Banjar, (2) mengidentifikasi sebaran tingkat kompetensi penyuluh pertanian di bidang kewirausahaan, (3) mengidentifikasi unit-unit kompetensi bidang kewirausahaan yang perlu dilatihkan, serta (4) mengetahui korelasi antara usia, pendidikan, masa kerja dan motivasi responden terhadap kompetensi kerja. Obyek pengkajian ini adalah 3 orang penyuluh pertanian di 11 BPP Kecamatan (purposive sampling). Data dikumpulkan melalui survei sejak Februari sampai Maret 2021. Data diolah dan dianalisis dengan statistik deskriptif untuk mengungkapkan sebaran karakteristik responden, unit kompetensi serta korelasi antara usia, pendidikan, masa kerja, dan motivasi responden dengan kompetensi yang dimiliki. Skoring unit-unit kompetensi digolongkan ke dalam tingkat sangat tinggi (>84), tinggi ( 68 — 83,9), sedang (52 — 67,9), rendah (36 — 51,9), dan sangat rendah (<36). Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa sebaran penyuluh bervariasi berdasarkan jenis kelamin, umur, pendidikan formal, pengalaman, bidang keahlian, frekuensi konsumsi media, kekosmopolitan, dan motivasinya. Sebaran kompetensi responden berada pada tingkat sedang, rendah dan sangat rendah berturut-turut sebesar 18,18%, 36,36%, dan 45,45%. Berdasarkan pemeringkatan 27 unit kompetensi didapati 11 kompetensi prioritas yang dilatihkan, yaitu 1) menentukan produk yang akan diusahakan, 2) melakukan analisis harga pulang pokok, 3) melaksanakan survey pasar atau suatu produk, 4) menghitung biaya investasi, 5) melakukan pemasaran produk, 6) menjalin hubungan dengan pelanggan, 7) melakukan promosi produk, 8) melakukan pembukuan keuangan untuk setiap transaksi, 9) melakukan pengurusan perijinan usaha, 10) survey atas pedagang eceran produk, dan 11) menyusun rencana produksi. Sementara itu usia, pendidikan, masa kerja, dan motivasi tidak berhubungan dengan kompetensi yang dimiliki penyuluh pertanian tentang kewirausahaan agribisnis.

Abstract

The objectives of this research were (1) to observe the distribution of agricultural extension officer characteristics in Banjar Regency, (2) to identify the distribution of agricultural extension officer competency regards to entrepreneurship, (3) to identify units of entrepreneurship competence that were needed to be trained, and (4) to determine the correlation among age, education, working period and motivation of those respondents competencies The object of this study were 3 agricultural extension workers in 11 BPP Kecamatan (purposive sampling). Data were collected through a survey from February to March 2021.The data was processed and analyzed with descriptive statistics to obserb the distribution of respondent characteristics, competency units and the correlation between age, education, years of service, and motivation of respondents and their competencies. Scoring of competency units is classified into very high (>84), high (68 — 83.9), moderate (52 — 67.9), low (36 — 51.9), and very low (<36) . The results of the study showed that the distribution of extension workers varies based on gender, age, formal education, experience, field of expertise, frequency of media consumption, cosmopolitan, and motivation.The distribution of respondent’s competencies was at the medium, low and very low levels, respectively. Based on the ranking of 27 competency units, 11 priority competencies were found to be trained, i.e 1) determining the type of product for bussiness, 2) analyzing the break event point, 3) surveying market or a product, 4) calculating investment costs, 5) conductingof product marketing, 6) establish relationships with customers, 7) conduttiing promote products, 8) performing financial bookkeeping for each transaction, 9) Applying industrial bussiness permits, 10) survey product retailers, and 11) preparing production plans. Meanwhile, the respondent's age, education, working period, and motivation are not related to the competencies possessed by agricultural extension officer regarding to agribusiness entrepreneurship

Keywords: competence, agricultural extension officer, training needs, agribusiness, entrepreneurs