Komparasi Pendapatan Usahatani dan Peningkatan Nilai Tambah Singkong

Abstract

ABSTRAK
Kegiatan usahatani singkong mudah dibudidayakan dan biaya produksinya rendah. Meskipun demikian, petani mengalami masalah terkait produktivitas yang rendah dan harga yang murah. Usaha pengolahan singkong diharapkan mampu meningkatkan harga jual sehingga memberikan tambahan pendapatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: 1) pendapatan usahatani komoditas singkong; 2) pendapatan usaha pengolahan singkong frozen; 3) kelayakan usahatani singkong dan usaha pengolahan singkong frozen; dan 4) perbandingan pendapatan usahatani singkong dan usaha peningkatan nilai tambahnya. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Sidomukti dan Argomulyo, Kota Salatiga. Responden ditentukan dengan metode purposive sampling. Jumlah responden usahatani sebanyak 17 petani. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis usahatani. Metode Hayami digunakan dalam menghitung nilai tambah dimana jumlah responden sebanyak 3 unit usaha singkong frozen. Rata-rata pendapatan usahatani singkong adalah Rp 45.566.473,53/ha/tahun atau Rp 1.796,60/kg dan pendapatan usaha pengolahan singkong frozen adalah Rp 218.907.597,93/tahun atau Rp 3.620,56/kg dengan nilai tambah sebesar Rp 4.393,18/kg. Dengan demikian, diketahui bahwa pendapatan usaha peningkatan nilai tambah lebih tinggi dibandingkan pendapatan usahatani singkong. Analisis kelayakan R/C Ratio dan B/C Ratio menunjukkan bahwa kedua jenis usaha layak untuk dikembangkan. BEP produksi, penerimaan, dan harga pada usahatani singkong yaitu 1.083,46 kg, Rp 3.156.915,05, dan Rp 1.085,75/kg, sedangkan pada usaha pengolahan singkong frozen yaitu 3.257,95 kemasan, Rp 36.905.487,08, dan Rp 8.164,85/kemasan.

Kata kunci : metode Hayami, nilai tambah, pendapatan, singkong, dan usahatani

ABSTRACT
Cassava farming activities are easy to farm and the production costs are low. However, farmers experience problems with low productivity and low prices. The cassava processing business is expected to be able to increase the selling price to give additional income. This study aims to determine: 1) the income of cassava commodity farming; 2) the income of frozen cassava processing business; 3) the feasibility of cassava farming and frozen cassava processing business; and 4) the income comparison of cassava farming and activity of increasing its value-added. The research was conducted in Sidomukti and Argomulyo Districts, Salatiga City. Respondents were determined by the purposive sampling method. The number of farming respondents was 17 farmers. The data were analyzed using farming analysis. The Hayami method is used in calculating the value-added where the number of respondents was 3 units of frozen cassava business. The average income of cassava farming is Rp 45,566.473.53/ha/year or Rp 1,796.60/kg and the income of frozen cassava processing business is Rp 218.907.597.93/year or Rp 3,620.56/kg with the value-added is Rp 4,393.18/kg. Thus, it is known that the income of activities to increasing the value-added is higher than cassava farming. The feasibility analysis of the R/C Ratio and B/C Ratio shows that both kinds of businesses are feasible to develop. BEP production, revenue, and price in cassava farming are 1,083.46 kg, Rp 3,156,915.05, and Rp 1,085.75/kg, while in frozen cassava processing business are 3,257.95 packages, Rp 36,905,487.08, and Rp 8,164.85/package.

Keywords: Hayami method, value added, income, cassava, and farming