RESPONS PERTUMBUHAN TIGA VARIETAS PISANG LOKAL TERHADAP ZPT BENZIL ADENIN (BA) SECARA IN VITRO

Abstract

Abstrak

Pisang merupakan salah satu komoditas buah-buahan yang dapat dikonsumsi sehari-hari. Salah satu kendala dalam penyediaan buah pisang adalah ketersediaan bibit tanaman yang berkualitas. Perbanyakan tanaman melalui teknik kultur jaringan diharapkan dapat menyediakan bibit berkualitas dalam jumlah cepat, banyak dan seragam. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui respons pertumbuhan tiga varietas pisang lokal terhadap Benzil Adenin (BA) secara in vitro. Penelitian dilakukan di laboratorium kultur jaringan BPTP NTB pada Mei — November 2017. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap non faktorial, terdiri dari tiga taraf yaitu pisang telunjuk, pisang tembaga dan pisang susu burik, diulang 15 kali. Anakan pisang yang sehat setinggi ± 20-30 cm disterilisasi dengan cara pelepahnya dibuang, ditinggalkan mata tunas dan bonggolnya. Eksplan selanjutnya dicuci dengan detergen cair dan dibilas dengan air mengalir, kemudian dipotong sampai ukuran ±2 cm³. Eksplan disterilisasi dengan alkohol 70% selama 2 menit, klorox 20% selama 5 menit, dan dibilas 3 kali dengan air steril. Eksplan diperkecil seukuran 1 cm³ dengan menyertakan titik tumbuh lalu ditanam pada media MS tanpa zat pengatur tumbuh, selanjutnya botol kultur diinkubasi pada suhu 25 ± 2⁰C, diberi penyinaran lampu TL 18 watt. Setelah 1 minggu, eksplan dipindahkan ke media dengan formulasi MS+BA 5 mg/l. Pengamatan dilakukan pada akhir percobaan dengan parameter jumlah tunas, tinggi tunas, jumlah daun dan jumlah akar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis varietas pisang memberi pengaruh nyata terhadap jumlah tunas, jumlah daun, dan jumlah akar. Secara umum respons terbaik dihasilkan oleh pisang tembaga yang menghasilkan nilai paling tinggi pada parameter jumlah tunas dan jumlah akar berbeda dari varietas lain.

Kata Kunci: Pisang tembaga, pisang telunjuk, pisang susu burik, Benzil Adenin, in vitro.

Abstract

Banana is a fruit commodity that can be consumed daily. One of the obstacles in the supply of banana fruit is the availability of quality plant seeds. Plant propagation through tissue culture techniques is expected to provide quality seeds in large quantities. This study aimed to examine the growth response of three banana varieties to Benzyl Adenine (BA) by in vitro. The research was conducted at the BPTP NTB tissue culture laboratory in May - November 2017. The experiment used a non-factorial utterly randomized design, consisting of three local banana varieties, namely telunjuk, tembaga, and susu burik, repeated 15 times. Healthy banana seedlings of ± 20-30 cm are sterilized using the midrib, discarded and removed, and the buds and stumps are removed. Explants flowed with liquid detergent and rinsed with air, then cut to size ± 2 cm3. The explants were sterilized with 70% alcohol for 2 minutes, 2% chlorox for 5 minutes, and rinsed three times with sterile water. The explants were reduced to 1 cm3 in size by including the growth point, and weevil then planted on MS medium without growth regulators. The culture bottles were incubated at 25 ± 20C, given 18-watt TL lamp irradiation. After one week, explants were transferred to media with the formulation MS+BA 5 mg/l. Observations were made at the end of the experiment with parameters including the number of shoots, shoot length, leaves number, and roots number. The results showed that the types of banana varieties had a significant effect on the number of nodes, number of leaves, and number of roots. Generally, the best response produced by tembaga variety produced the highest value on the parameters of the number of shoots and number of roots, which is different from other varieties.

Keywords: Tembaga banana, telunjuk banana, susu burik banana, Benzil Adenin, in vitro.